This thesis analyzes the determinants of social acceptability for energy transition technologies (CO2 storage, hydrogen, and deep geothermal energy) through the lens of behavioral and experimental economics. The first chapter evaluates the formation of citizen preferences by comparing the acceptability of CO2 and hydrogen storage using a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE). To further investigate the central role of risk perception, the second chapter deploys a laboratory experiment based on the "matching probabilities" method to quantify the specific effect of a geothermal context and the saliency of seismic risk on individuals' ambiguity aversion. Finally, the third chapter extends this experimental design by introducing a peer-to-peer information signal, aiming to isolate the impact of social influence and descriptive norms on these attitudes toward ambiguity under uncertainty.